Organizational Life Cycles and Leadership Styles Essay

Introduction Organizations are social entities that are goal directed, are designed as deliberately structured and coordinate activity systems and are linked to the external environment. They are made up of people and their relationships to one another. This becomes really important throughout an organization’s life cycle. An organizational life cycle is the idea that orgs are born, they grow older, and then they die. Daft says things like organizational structure, leadership style, and administrative systems follow a predictable pattern throughout the stages of this life cycle. There are four phases of an organizational life cycle. They are the infancy phase, the adolescence phase, the middle aged phase, and the maturity phase. Each phase†¦show more content†¦The environment in this phase is usually filled with excitement. The crisis in this phase is that a need for leadership arises. The larger the organization grows, the more employees it takes on. And the more employees it ta kes one on, the larger the amount of management issues that occur. Phase 2 – Adolescence: The adolescent phase is also called the collectivity stage. Assuming the leadership crisis is resolved, the primary goals for this stage are growth, independence, and empowerment. The organizations is medium sized and prebureaucratic. There are a few rules at this point but it is mostly informal. It is internally and externally focused and there is a strong sense of team and community. The org is also experiencing rapid growth in this phase. This causes departments and hierarchy of authority to be established, job assignments are handed out and a division of labor begins. This crisis in this stage is the need for delegation. The managers are conflicted in their level of authority and they need to find a way to coordinate departments without direct supervision from the top managers. Phase 3 – Middle Aged: This phase is also called the formalization stage. The primary goals of the middle aged phase are to gain maturity and interdependence. They aim to reinvent themselves and to strengthen their infrastructure. The organization at this point is large and bureaucratic. The structure of this stage includes integrated technology, strategy, and formalShow MoreRelatedLeadership Style Of A New Company1314 Words   |  6 Pagesperformance because of the lack of leadership or the wrong style of leadership. The leader is the most significant role within an organization that drives the success or failure of the company. Their own particular leadership style may produce positive results or hamper productivity. No two leaders are alike and no two employees are exactly the same. 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Behavioral Therapy An Effective Treatment For The...

Introduction Antipsychotic medications have become the most effective treatment for the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (Lieberman et al., 2005), but medication non-compliance tends to be a common issue among this population. Approximately one-third of people diagnosed with schizophrenia have been found to be non-compliant with their prescribed medications (West et al., 2005). Medication non-compliance is a very serious issue among this population, as it is associated with relapse, psychiatric hospitalization, and functional outcomes. However, very little is being done to address this issue. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy has recently been integrated into treatments for schizophrenia, and several studies have found it to be effective in†¦show more content†¦Research Question Is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy effective in improving medication compliance among individuals with schizophrenia? Proposal Contents This proposal contains a summary of the literature related to the issue of medication non-compliance among people with schizophrenia, as well as information regarding Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and how it can be incorporated into an intervention addressing this issue. I have also included a proposed research study to test the effectiveness of such an intervention in order to determine if this would be a useful resource in the treatment of this illness. Strengths and weaknesses of the proposed study, as well as ethical considerations have also been included Literature Review Schizophrenia is the most commonly diagnosed psychotic disorder (Steel, 2012), affecting 1 out of every 100 hundred people on average (Taurier Wykes, 2004). Symptoms of the disorder include positive symptoms, which are auditory and visual hallucinations, as well as disordered patterns of thought such as delusions (Taurier Wykes, 2004). Auditory hallucinations are the most common positive symptom, and often come in the form of voices (Steel, 2012). Delusions, which are the most common symptom of schizophrenia, involve a false belief that exists despite evidence being available that suggests otherwise (Steel, 2012).

Conceptual Foundations of Financial Reporting †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Conceptual Foundations of Financial Reporting. Answer: Introduction: The project was related to accounting and I contributed my key technical skills to complete the same accordingly. I gave my inputs as and when required and also made critical analysis of the requirements of the project and made sure to complete the same within the given time frame. The group members of the project worked in union, and the viewpoint of each of the members was taken into consideration(Alexander, 2016). I am good in people skills and have good communication skills. I made sure to use the same for the overall completion of the project by sending across my views and opinions and that also of the other group members to the people who are associated with the completion of the project. There was only one leader in the group, who was heading the project and he always considered my view points as and when required. This was my main contribution to the accounting project management. The project had different levels with getting the inputs, assessing the same, and applying the s ame to get the desired output. I performed well in all the parts and was one of the key players who contributed in the completion of the project in the time allotted. The other group members also gave their key inputs for the project. Each of them had certain qualities that helped in the completion of the project. The project was accounting based and hence required analytical research and application. The members were accustomed with the basic accounting knowledge and principles. The general reporting framework and preparation of the accounting statements with application of the said accounting principles and standards was done by the members. The members worked as a team, where each member helped another member and gave their inputs to complete the project within the given deadline of the project. As a team the group functioned very well. The members were comfortable working with each other. They were given specific works and they did it accordingly. The members made sure that there were no opinion clashes and inputs from all ends were taken to get the desired result for the project. As a team it is important that each member completes the allocated work within the given time frame as the work is related to a specific project and is interconnected(Dichev, 2017). This was taken care of and each member helped the other team mates so that they gave their best. In case any problems aroused, everyone was equally supportive to the group members(Bromwich Scapens, 2016). The three skills and attributes that I have gained while working as a group member in this project are Problem Solving Working as a group member has helped me In gaining definite problem solving skills management with the help of my group members. There were few obstacles that were faced during the duration of the project and we as a group were able to solve it accordingly. Decision making- Many times during the project, it was required to take important and tough decisions. I learned how to do the proper analysis and then take decision and also how to stand for the same and bear the consequences if any. It is important that strong decision making skills must be inculcated so that right decisions are taken at the right time(Kew Stredwick, 2017). Conflict Resolution- One of the important skill I developed while working on the project was how to solve any conflicts that emerged between the team members and solve it with patience. Three specific team work strategies that can be adopted while completion of the project as a team are- Allocation of work It is important that work to be completed must be divided between the team members and each one must be responsible enough to complete their work within the given time. It helps in erasing confusion and members become more responsible towards their work(Visinescu, et al., 2017). Leadership It is important that while working as a group there must be someone in the position of leader who can take tough decisions and make sure they are applied accordingly. Communication It is important that there must be effective communication among the members that will help in completion of the given work without any confusion. Bibliography Alexander, F., 2016. The Changing Face of Accountability. The Journal of Higher Education, 71(4), pp. 411-431. Bromwich, M. Scapens, R., 2016. Management Accounting Research: 25 years on. Management Accounting Research, Volume 31, pp. 1-9. Dichev, I., 2017. On the conceptual foundations of financial reporting. Accounting and Business Research, 47(6), pp. 617-632. Kew, J. Stredwick, J., 2017. Business Environment: Managing in a Strategic Context. second ed. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Visinescu, L., Jones, M. Sidorova, A., 2017. Improving Decision Quality: The Role of Business Intelligence. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 57(1), pp. 58-66.

Superior Manufacturing Company Essay Sample free essay sample

– Subject: cost behaviour ( variable and fixed costs ) . relevant costs. make up ones minding whether to maintain or drop a merchandise line. – Key Takeouts: Manufacturing costs include all costs incurred under the mill roof. Full-costing agencies delegating all costs incurred under the mill roof to the merchandise so that it can be capitalized suitably ( set on the balance sheet as an plus ) . o Standard bing = planning/ budgeting by delegating last year’s ( or a historical ) cost to points and seting for any expected additions or lessenings. O In the short term. when fixed costs can non be changed. variable costs are the key for determinations. When make up ones minding whether to maintain or drop a merchandise line. determine which costs are both direct and/or variable because those are the lone 1s that would be eliminated by dropping the merchandise line. If the merchandising monetary value is above the direct. We will write a custom essay sample on Superior Manufacturing Company Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page variable costs. the merchandise should be continued in the short term. o Fixed costs per unit are merely valid at a certain figure of units ; the company was utilizing fixed costs per unit and naming them standard costs. They were so multiplying their standard per unit costs by the entire figure of units sold to happen entire criterion costs. This was a job because at a lower figure of units last twelvemonth. fixed costs per unit were above what they would hold been this twelvemonth so the entire criterion cost came out significantly above existent costs even though they hadn’t improved profitableness.

Important Things to Know About Before Getting a Tattoo

Important Things to Know About Before Getting a Tattoo Free Online Research Papers Tattoos are a wonderful way of expressing ones individuality, but people need to think about all the ramifications of getting a tattoo before they get it. â€Å"Tattoos are fast becoming a mark of the 21st century, with one quarter of those under the age of 30 adorning their skin with at least one.† (Healy, 2008, p.1) The American Academy of Dermatology reports that 89% of men and 48% of women who wear tattoos have conspicuous designs on their hands, necks, arms, legs, toes, and feet (Sayre, C. [2007]. Tattoo bans. Time Magazine. November 5, p. 56). Tattoos consist of a permanent design that is drawn on to the top of the skin, then pigments are inserted under the skin by way of a tattoo gun. A tattoo gun works almost like a sewing machine. Every time the needle hits the skin, it deposits tiny droplets of ink deep under the epidermis. Tattoo ink is classified as a cosmetic and, they are not â€Å"regulated or approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).† (Healy, 2008, p.1) There are specific medical risks that people need to be aware of before they get a tattoo. These risks can include: 1. Blood-borne diseases: Tetanus, â€Å"Hepatitis B and C, Tuberculosis, and HIV- the virus that causes AIDS.† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2008, p.1) These can all be transferred by equipment that has been contaminated with the blood of someone who is infected. Because of these risks, the American Red Cross has stated that no person shall be able to donate blood within 12 months of being tattooed. 2. Skin-disorders- â€Å"Tattooing can also cause areas of raised, excessive scarring (keloids). For those people that do keloid, tattooing is not recommended as these may be hard to remove. â€Å"May form bumps called granulomas around the tattoo ink.† (Forsyth County Department of Health, 2005, p.1) Sarcoidal granulomas are firm balls of reactive tissue underneath the surface of the skin.† 3. Skin infections- â€Å"Local bacterial infections. Symptoms can include redness, swelling, warmth at the infected site, and pus-like drainage.† Some of these infections are resistant to antibiotics and â€Å"can lead to pneumonia, blood infections and the flesh-destroying condition known as necrotizing fasiitis.† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2008, p.1) Between 2004 and 2005, a sepcific type of Staph infection known as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, or MRSA were seen in three different states. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified 34 people with MRSA who received their tattoos from 13 unlicensed tattooists in three different states. (Montgomery, 2007, para.9) 4. Allergic reactions-Dyes used in the tattoo ink, â€Å"especially red dye, can cause allergic skin reactions, causing an itchy rash at the tattoo site.† This can even â€Å"occur years after one gets the tattoo.† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2008, p.1) â€Å"This is because the vast majority of tattoo pigments are derived from metal, which makes them a potential source for developing a skin reaction. Some pigments do have non-metallic options for those who have concerns or a past history of allergic reactions to these compounds.† Problems can also arise from the removal of a tattoo. Laser removal can be a painstaking process, and usually involves 2-3 visits and is expensive. â€Å"Treatment with the laser varies from patient to patient depending on the age, size, and type of tattoo (amateur or professional). The color of the patients skin, as well as the depth to which the tattoo pigment extends, will also affect the removal technique.† Dermabraison is also an option. â€Å"This is where the tattoo is sanded down to deep levels and generally does not hurt, but can leave a scar.† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2008, p.1) Now there is also the option of having a doctor surgically remove the tattoo by cutting it out and stitching the edges back together. I believe that complete removal without any type of scarring may be impossible. It is also very important to make sure that the establishment one is thinking of getting his, her tattoo at follows strict health and safety guidelines. One wants to make sure that he, or she has either a state or local license. Look around the shop. Is it clean? Do the employees sterilize their equipment after each client? Do they wash their hands and put on a new pair of gloves after each client? Do they open a fresh pack of needles after each client? These are all very important things to pay attention to before one makes his, or her final decision. Never get a tattoo while under the influence of drugs or alcohol. This is because drugs and alcohol can lead to poor judgment. One wants to make sure that he, or she has a clear head when he, or she decides exactly what type of tattoo he, or she want and where they are going to get it. One also has to sign a contract or release form. If they do this while under the influence, it makes the contract null and void. Both aspirin and alcohol thin the blood and will promote excessive bleeding. Aspirin, ibuprofen or any other NSAIDS also tend to inhibit clotting. The alternatives are topical anesthetics which contain some lidocaine, or one can buy benzocaine over-the-counter. The drawback is that these do not work on unbroken skin. Once the first needle stick is made, these can be applied and can make a tremendous difference. What type of tattoo is he, or she looking for and where do they want to have it placed? It is important to do some research on the type of tattoo that he, or she wants’ and exactly where they want to put it. They do not want something they will regret later. I think the best way to make sure of this is to picture yourself at 80 years old, wrinkly, maybe even fat. If he, or she can still enjoy their tattoo when it is on their wrinkly, fat, 80 year-old self, then by all means, get it! Remember, it is important to ask many questions and truely pay attention to the type of work that each tattoo artist does. Each one has a uniquely different style so he, or she wants’ to make sure that they pick the one that is best suited for what he, or she wants. Since tattoos are no longer considered taboo, the popularity of them proves that skin is always in. I believe that if people go into it with a broad knowledge of what getting a tattoo entails, they will be able to make the best possible choices for themselves and, be happy with their tattoo for the rest of their lives. Research Papers on Important Things to Know About Before Getting a TattooPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductLifes What IfsNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementGenetic EngineeringThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Project Managment Office SystemHip-Hop is ArtTwilight of the UAW

Take care of your health any time anywhere

Take care of your health any time anywhere Students Care. Preventing flu I must confess that winter weather and inter-season periods bring me rather negative emotions and discomfort. This is time for all possible infections, colds and flues. Two years ago I was at my first year of college study and got a terrible flu at the end of the term. It was really unpleasant experience. Due to bad physical condition I missed several exams and delayed a couple of important papers. Thus, when most of other students were having fun at parties, I was obliged to catch up with the schedule, overcoming the weakness from bad disease. That winter I decided to work over preventing such unpleasant surprises with my health and I worked out a particular strategy, which helps me to take all measures and stay in well condition even when seventy present of auditorium is affected by the seasonal diseases. All my actions are simple and require small efforts. It is much more pleasant to take care about the preventive actions during several minutes each day than be put off your stride for a week or even more. Good physical condition According to my observations, my physical condition was very often a determinative factor of my illness. So it is always important for me to sleep well, have substantial food and try to be in good temper: it is the best defense against germs and bacteria. I try to do at least minimal physical exercises and go to the gym twice a week. Walk in fresh air will be also helpful, besides if you need to get to the college using the public transport, it will be great to replace it by foot walks, if the distance is acceptable. Our organism is a complicated system and I am sure that our morale influences the range of our resistance to illnesses. Tea drinking I get used myself to this innocent, but at the same time very useful habit. I drink hot tea with lemon and honey very often. The secret is that the hot liquid prevents organism from cooling. Besides extras in the form of lemon and honey have some positive action too. Lemon thin muscles and honey has the antibacterial action. You can use other delicious and effective extras on your choice (herbs, ginger, etc.). Protein control Trying different diets or fighting with overweight, one should be very attentive to his or her health and do not make his or her organism suffer from the lack of vital elements. Thus, when you refuse sweets or bread, it is great for your curves, but do not miss an opportunity to eat food with high level of protein. Meat, eggs, dairy products are the products you need to eat and saturate your body with protein. Vitamins In the cold seasons, when my body is exhausted and is under thread of flu, I always buy some vitamins. It can be vitamins in the form of pillars or any other dosage band. Sometimes I consume vitamin C or Zink and sometimes select vitamin complex with the numerous componential parts. For antagonists of drugs I can advise fresh juice and smoothie. All your need is plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables, creativity and blender, and your wellbeing will be guaranteed. Useful habits Germs are spreading very fast, staying on the door-handles, desks, books and all other possible things. I wash my hand very often, especially before having meal or having some snack. Also I have a habit to sanitize my space. If I am coming to some auditorium after a dozen of other young people or going to the overcrowded library, my sanitizer is always with me and ready to be applied any minute. Besides, I always sanitize my cell phone and tablet, imagine how many times a day you touch them! One more useful habit consists in holding the distance to people, who are coughing and sneezing. Even if you occurred to come closer to such person, breathe out until you are in the safe zone from him or her (6-10 foot). Timely reaction Anyway, if all above mentioned measures were helpless or took at the wrong time, you can feel first symptoms of disease. It is common for students not to pay much attention to such things, but I always react immediately. Feeling slight sneezing or temperature change, I stay at home at least for a couple of days and make all possible actions to nip flue in the bud. Late disease treatment often result is long lasting or chronic and even can lead to sequela. I do my best to execute all above mentioned preventive measures and take care about my wellbeing. When you are healthy, you save your time and finance and can enjoy every moment of our splendid student’s life.

Managerial leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managerial leadership - Assignment Example The movie establishes different characters, playing different social roles and it is upon their intrinsic roles, that the movie presents the theory of social leadership. Trevor McKinney Trevor McKinney, being the main character denotes a social person, who was ready to mingle with anybody in the society as long as he perceived the need to solve a given problem in the person. Trevor lives a disturbed life as his mother is a drunkard while the father is always away, but insinuates psychological torture whenever he goes back to his family. Despite all the mayhem surrounding Trevor’s life, he engaged in a plan to give the society the best of his help following Mr. Simonet’s intervention to help him remit help to the society. In his quest to people in the society, Trevor embarks on shared leadership strategies, whereby he ensures that his subjects derive an environment to portray their initiatives (Graen, & Graen, 2006:45). Trevor portrays the concept of shared purpose by ta rgeting to help the affected individuals who he happens to meet during his life. For instance, he perceives the plight of the homeless man, Jerry as overwhelming and requiring immediate redress. Trevor’s obsession to help the affected individuals emanates from the desire of accountability in rendering long-lasting solutions after having been a victim of antisocial circumstances. Trevor establishes a concept of internal definition of the antisocial effects that the subjects undergo before redemption. He is a victim of similar circumstances and seeks to alleviate them from their current situations. However, Trevor’s devotion aims at ensuring a continuous rate of repossession of the ideas upon his subjects, who will further deliver the attributes other needy people in the society (Crosby, 2005:87). Such an aspect shall ensure continuity in delivering fruitful leadership policies to alleviate the problems of the entire society. Eugene Simonet In the movie, Eugene Simonetâ €™s role inspires his social studies student, Trevor to perceive the need to overcome his social fears, and seek to provide the society with the best alternative solutions to their problems. At such a point, the teacher represented the characteristics of fear and the need to ensure that the society derives earlier resolutions into alleviating prevailing problems before prolonged and imminent scars control their livelihoods (Miller, 2009:69). Arguably, the movie portrays the teacher with possessing facial and neck scars that the people are unable to withstand. However, Simonet reacts positively to the stigma and ensures that he devices knowledgeable approaches that would serve to rescue other individual from being victimized into the same situation (Chrispeels, 2004:58). Simonet expresses the concepts of accountability, partnership, and ownership by expressing his views to Trevor and the need for him to devise an appropriate approach that would serve as remedies to the affected i ndividuals. He solely derives the importance of acquainting individuals with present advantages that would service the prevailing social problems. Therefore, he intrigues into the people’s future lives and understands their mishaps. Therefore, he ascertains that the best correctional approach to alleviate the social discontent would be through

Marketing Plan - Product launch strategy Term Paper

Marketing Plan - Product launch strategy - Term Paper Example Keeping this in view, ENTOUCH telecom has decided to launch electronic online store. This will help the company in the process of attracting and retaining more customers, which in turn will result in increasing the total profits and market share of the company. Background and Relevant Issues: Telecommunication industry is one of the growing industries all over the globe. It has become one of the most profitable and worth investing industry. There is always an increasing need of different products and devices which assist people in the process of communication. Communication has become one of the important needs of the today’s global world. At the same time it is worth considering that there is considerable shift in the shopping behaviour of the customers. More and more people are shifting towards online shopping. Online shopping provides the customers with more convenience and ease. New Service Strategy and Purpose of Strategy: Owing to the increasing trend of online shopping, the company is looking forward to launch a new e-store. This online store will enable the target customers to shop for their favourite telecommunication products over the internet. ... he purpose behind this strategy is to provide the customers with ease and comfort of shopping from home and at the same time increasing the market share of the company. Business Current Offerings: ENTOUCH telecom offers almost everything which is required to make a phone system in an office or at home. There are several corded and cordless digital phones offered by the company for home and business usage. In addition to this, the company offers several telecommunication products and accessories like headphones, headsets, conferencing equipments etc. Products and accessories from the world’s renowned manufacturers are available which includes Plantronics, Sennheiser, Jabra etc. OBJECTIVES: There are several aims and targets of ENTOUCH which it is looking forward to accomplish with the launch of this new service. Five main objectives in this regard are: 1. To increase the sales of the company by 10 percent within the time period of one year. 2. To increase the market share of th e company by 5 percent within the time period of one year. 3. To increase the penetration in the New Zealand market to the level of 60 percent. 4. To enter into international telecommunication market by capturing around 5 percent share in the first year. 5. To improve the market image and reputation. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS: Before entering into any new market segment and introducing any new product or service, it is important to thoroughly analyse the overall situation of the industry and market. It is essential for the organisation to investigate, explore, and analyse both, internal and external, environment. This is the first step in the process of designing effective marketing strategy and plan (Anderson, 1982). Industry Analysis and Key Trends: The overall telecommunication industry is

Integrating Internet-based mathematical manipulatives within Essay Example for Free

Integrating Internet-based mathematical manipulatives within Essay Integrating Internet-based Mathematical Manipulatives Within a Learning Environment The article explores the development, use and importance of digital manipulatives in a mathematics classroom. These manipulatives are believed to be more versatile, economic and efficient than either the manufactured or teacher-created concrete objects traditionally used in the classroom. Manipulatives have been used from time immemorial and have provided tangible mental picture of abstract mathematical concepts. The digitalization of these manipulatives is an important progress in this process. However, the presumption that the article makes about the efficacy of manipulatives in teaching children along with the supposed teaching potential of the manipulatives is doubtful and smells of commercial publicity. There are several advantages that manipulatives are purported to provide. They concretize theoretical ideas, make the study concrete, build confidence in the learner, help solve problems and make the learning experience interesting. What the paper presupposes is that only the using of digital manipulatives is sufficient to bring each of these advantages. This is not supported by evidence. Let us consider the claim that manipulatives build confidence, if a section of the students is less familiar with web based technology than other students in the class, they are likely to lose confidence-using manipulatives. This may adversely affect their learning of math concepts and unnecessarily handicap them. The paper places some conditions that must be fulfilled to realize the full potential of manipulatives. For instance the parents must experience the system, manipulatives should be used for writing assignment, teacher pronounces the benefits to the students, ground rules are established and students are encouraged to explore more material on the web. If manipulatives are used as prescribed they can improve the understanding of more complex and more advanced math theories. These conditions are impractical. What happens if the parents are unfamiliar with the web? Does it put their children at a disadvantage? A teacher pronounces the benefits of manipulatives to children. This is a straw man. If a teacher uses manipulatives she automatically supports the method, there is no need to sermonize it. A child being encouraged to explore more material on the web is an issue that is not related directly to manipulatives. This opens up a host of debatable issues including the exposure of children to unsuitable material. Digital manipulatives can be downloaded and installed on school computers or distributed to children on CDs to be viewed in their homes. The issue of encouraging children to explore the web is not directly related to manipulatives. Further there is no teacher to guide the children in case of glitches. See what the instructions of a manipulative say. (Public Broadcasting Service, 2006). Familiarize yourself with the rules of this fraction game and have fun creating flag designs with the designated fractions. You can choose to paint by half, quarters, and combinations of quarters and halves and then the program will pick colors for you to paint your design by clicking in the flag. One drawback is that there is no help provided if the fraction portions are incorrect, you can only advance if you have painted to correct fractions. A research that comprised of a survey tested the proficiency development potential of manipulatives in math teaching. The basics tested in the survey were motivation, unique instructional capabilities, and support for new instructional approaches, increased teacher productivity and skills for an information age. Eleven teachers were surveyed using a five-point scale. The results were mixed. The results showed that the teachers felt that the use of digital manipulatives had a high positive impact on motivation, that the digital manipulatives had exceptional instructional capabilities, that the web based manipulatives supported new instructional approaches and that the web based manipulatives provided excellent training for an information age. What the teachers did not agree was that the web-based technology increased their productivity. In addition, the teacher showed apprehension about some issues like their inability to track the progress of the student, tricky web sites, ambiguous instructions and lack of direct feedback. This research is not valid. It does not clarify which constructs it attempts to measure. It does not give the process by which it selected the five variables. In addition, the sample size of eleven teachers is too small to reach any meaningful conclusion. Again, the study does not mention basis or the criteria for the selection of the eleven teachers. The study does not give us the details of how the survey scale was constructed. Was there a pilot test? It seems not. The direct conclusion of the research was that virtual manipulatives encouraged student-oriented erudition. The study assumed that the responses of the 11 teachers were indicative of the affect of the digital manipulatives on children. This is questionable. The background of the teachers is not given. Which type of schools they taught in? What physical manipulatives were the teachers using currently? The teachers were ambivalent as to whether digital manipulatives were better than concrete manipulatives and whether teachers were willing to replace concrete manipulatives entirely with digital manipulatives. The teachers have expressed reservations about their inability to track the progress of the student, ambiguous instructions and lack of feedback. If these concerns are addressed satisfactorily it is doubtful if digital manipulatives will remain student centric. In addition, the paper does not define what it means by ‘student centric’. Currently the digital manipulatives that are available on the net offer innovative, interesting and concrete learning opportunities of otherwise nonrepresentational math theories. The end result is that children manage to learn math concepts that were earlier believed to be too advanced for them. These are believed to increase theoretical learning, deeper understanding of dynamic systems, calculation, communication and innovation in thinking. The paper presupposes that the use of the new technology alone is sufficient for enhanced learning of complicated theories. This is not supported by evidence. The learning experience is a function of the power of understanding of the student, the effort he puts in to comprehend and his analytical skills. In addition, learning is facilitated by teacher inputs and guidance. Digital manipulatives cannot replace teacher inputs nor can they substitute student aptitude and effort. Attributing learning achievements to a learning tool is a lopsided opinion inspired by the sales propaganda of digital manipulatives software developers. In sum, the paper eulogizes the benefits of web-based manipulatives for math learning. These manipulatives are claimed to increase children’s understanding of advanced theories and increase the attractiveness of these theories. These web-based manipulatives are declared to focus on the learner and make an optimal use of web-based technology for visualizing intangible concepts. References: Public Broadcasting Service (2006). PBS Teacher Source: Fraction Flags. Retrieved from http://www. pbs. org/teachersource/recommended/math/lk_onlinegames. shtm on August 19, 2006.

Inner City School Systems Essay example -- essays research papers

The school system in America has long been an issue of discussion and debate amongst people everywhere. The discussions and debates often stem from evaluating the current educational system in order to determine if significant social issues, including increasing regional poverty and declining literacy rates in specific urban regions are related to economic differentiations in the educational system. Many policy analysts have considered the issue of educational funding allotments in order to determine a system that provides greater equity between socio-economically disadvantaged inner-city schools and wealthier suburban, middle class schools (Kozol 83). The foundation for the necessary funding changes have stemmed from the recognition that school funding differences relate directly to sociological issues, including the creation of a cycle of poverty and illiteracy in under funded urban settings. One of the most significant issues raised in public education in recent years is the radical difference that exists in funding levels between wealthy and poor school districts (Zuckman 49). Many states have allotted educational funding related to tax revenues, and this has determined a higher level of educational spending in wealthy neighborhoods and a much lower level of spending for inner-city poor and rural poor communities (Zuckman 49). The differences in these educational settings have had a direct impact on the outcomes for students. Because a positive educational setting is a d...

Training Of Principals Of Secondary Schools In Nwfp Education Essay

Introduction:Indeed instruction provides a paved manner in development of the states. The everlasting enterprise to do the lives comfy and the quenchless thirst to examine into truth made the people to set away strenuous tests to convey such an detonation in cognition in assorted aspects.A Consequently, today adult male has secured power to make energy, to cultivate land, to conserve H2O, and do its effectual use.A This is possible because of needed involvement on cognition, which can be imparted though instruction. A Education is an apprenticeship of human life and a critical demand to ensue at natural, harmonious and progressive development of kid ‘s latent powers and innate talents.A Thus the basic purpose of instruction is the overall growing of an person which in its bend enhances the growing of the society.A Various strategies were launched to accomplish the trademark of entire literacy before the morning of the millenary. Hence, the schoolrooms have assumed a prevailing place in accomplishing the purposes and aims of education.A In this connexion this is right clip to research the demand to see the preparation and refreshment coders for the instructor ‘s community. The intent of every preparation is to supply pedagogues with an chance to engauge in find acquisition and to devolepe strategeies to learn about the maintance of independency, the fundamental law, the basicss rights and utilizing instruction for societal economic development of the state. The philophiy of preparation is to make and heighten the sense of leading. Leadership is the activity of act uponing people to collaborate toward some end which they come to happen desirable. A leader is non supposed to oblige or subordinate or stamp over persons. But, he is expected to convey together, usher and assist people in developing ends and so to work together for the common ends efficaciously and merrily. his occupation is to show the end in an appealing mode to the people, to guarantee group cooperation and squad work strongest, to do the group loyal to the intent, and, among others, to demo and convert people how they are benefited by the intent. ( Ansari, A Q 1964 ) A echt involvement in the public assistance of even the humblest of the people under his leading, ability to animate assurance in them, house religion in the rules of his organisation, continuity and doggedness for the achievement of the coveted terminals, willingness to subordinate his personal desires to the involvement of the group, bent to understand people and their reactions and above all objectiveness and candor, are some of the more of import properties of leading. Besides, a leader must hold the capacity to presume full duty demanded by the place he occupies and to do determinations in the waistcoat involvements of the group. These are the qualities that can non be acquired entirely by undergoing a preset class of preparation or by possessing a peculiar grade of instruction. There are some who are gifted with these quilities and others who have acquired subject through difficult experience. Meneionad that successful and effectual workplace preparation plans go beyond reading, composing and arithmetic by associating these topics to occupation maps, undertakings and processs. Many grownups need to larn cardinal accomplishments to execute successfully in their professional occupations. But these accomplishments plans frequently fall short of our outlook because grownups learn otherwise from kids. The opening illustration of a traditional category may be a small extreme, but it illustrates some cardinal errors being made and jobs which must be overcome for the success workplace instruction program.the survey is intend to better the abilties of principals of commanding, direction and organasation as comparison to 1s in the past.it Si aaim to do them cognizant of the managerial accomplishment harmonizing to modern techonolgy and research. The current survey is an effort to get the better of the dificienes of the old preparation. This research survey analysis and compare both national and international instructional merterial for the preparation of leaders of secondry schools. It is designe to make full the gape of effectual leading and managerial accomplishme nt at secondry degree.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMIn this survey will be conducted to analyze the effectivity of treacher preparation in school direction. The criterion of the instruction is in Pakistan is really low. There are many factors which are lending to this phenomanen.one of these factors is the deteriorating professionalism of caput of the secondry school institutuion. They donot posessess the coveted qualities of mangment and leadership.this job is to be dealt in this survey by the development of the instructional stuffs for preparation of principals of secondry schools in KPK.htis survey fosters the state of affairs in written to the upper limit to bring forth a theoretical account insturtional meterila for the sweetening of leading nad direction preparation. The job to be dealt with in this survey is to develop instructional stuffs for preparation of principals of secondary schools in NWFP.SignificancePing-Man Wong 1990, investigated the refresher instructor preparation programmes offered by the Hong Kong Institute of Education. The survey chiefly focused that rating surveies are necessary to analyze that either these programmes are effectual in run intoing the demands of schools. The consequence of this research enterprise underscored that the refresher preparation programme is moneymaking tool, particularly for senior instructors who are responsible for managerial responsibilities. G. Keith Evans 2009, stated in her article that School decision makers, who range from places of principal to school support staff, must run into a changeless flow of demands related to pupil public presentation, human resources issues, physical installations and even fiscal duties. Assorted management-training plans developed specifically for school decision makers teach and reenforce critical direction constructs.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYTo analyse the instructional stuffs for the preparation of principals. To look into the significance refresher preparations. To place the demand of the instructional stuffs. To supply clear research inquiries that address countries of involvement fundamental to instructional stuff development. To develop an instructional stuff for the preparation of principals.LITERATURE REVIEWTeachers ‘ preparation is a critical portion of instruction. Therefore, all attempts of the educationalists, pedagogues and teachers are aimed at the undertaking of supplying better developing to the ‘would be instructors ‘ for their better instruction and proper growing, as a helper. No uncertainty, this duty can merely be exercised, if the pedagogues are equipped with the needed cognition of the topic concerned and trainees develop needed involvement in it. That ‘s why, it becomes indispensable for doing equal commissariats for each class to the instructors and every bit good as trainees. ( Rather 219 ) The school maestro plays an imperative function in the ground forces that battles for economic release of a state. But he ca n't direct its operations and will convey catastrophe if he is termed responsible for its scheme and tactics. It is adequate if, with an intelligent apprehension of the forces that animate the run, he devotes his energies to the recruiting field and to the animation and tainting of such officers and work forces as he phase of the run requires. ( Mayhew and James 119-146 ) . In the Post-Mao period ( 1976-88 ) , China entered a new period of socialist modernisation in which the declared end was to transform China ‘into a greater and powerful socialist state with modern agribusiness, industry, national defence and scientific discipline and engineering by the terminal of the present century. ( Eli: Valini 54-57 ) . The twelvemonth 1976 saw the shattering of the Gang of Four and the re-establishment of the Party ‘s Leadership in schools. Educational regulations and ordinances were revised and promulgated ; professional meetings were called to invent new learning programmes and compile new learning stuffs.Once once more the enterprise of educational cell ‘s for accomplishment and the enthusiasm of pupil for survey were brought into drama. Together they bit by bit restored order in instruction and improved instruction criterions. ( Guo: Valini 54-57 ) . Alongside the positive elements which political and diplomatic irresistible impulses had shaped, there besides existed of import restraints sing UNESCO ‘s attack to cardinal instruction. Although, the UNESCO fundamental law had endorsed the equality of educational chance as a basic human right, cautiousness was apparent in procuring an appropriate balance between cosmopolitan primary schooling and the agencies of accomplishing cosmopolitan instruction. It was to be an after-repeating case in point, the Secretariat sought the formation in 1946 of an ‘expert organic structure ‘ . In this instance the Commission on Fundamental Education, designed to work aboard the preparative committee, which was busily outlining the initial UNESCO programme. The experts were non responsible for driving up a programme of cardinal education- that was the secrrtariat undertaking. Rather, they were invited to place and analyse what they suppose to be good illustrations cardinal instruction work, and to pull their decision about the deductions for UNESCO. In general, the Commission ‘s work focused on regional studies of literacy, estimation of literacy degrees, and consideration of low literacy instruction was organized in many parts of the universe. ( Jones 50 ) There could be no cut and dried method either for detecting such work forces of for leaving the preparation.The methods to be employed are mostly determined by the fortunes obtaining and the demands felt in a given part or a given subdivision of concerted activity among the methods that were employed successfully by national organisations of hand in glove advanced states for leaving preparation are refresher and correspondence classs, survey groups and survey Tourss, seminars and summer cantonments. The trainees should be trained to shoulder duty and to depute authorization. In other words, they should be taught non simply how to make their occupations good, but besides how to assist other work forces do their occupations good.such seminars could be followed by the distribution among the participants, of specially prepared literature of other publications including periodicals prepared on these and allied facets of the capable affair. ( Ansari 89-95 ) The writer recognizes that the bing capable affair as taught would non suit the demands of prospective grownup pedagogues. In some establishments this defect could be remedied by using a coordinator. ( Lindeman 48-52 ) . Nelson describes: â€Å" learning theoretical account is a form or program, which can be used to determine a course of study or class, to choose instructional stuffs and to steer a instructor ‘s action. â€Å" ( 72 ) The four dimensions of course of study are: purposes of aims, content or capable affair, methods or processs, and rating or appraisal. the dimension refers to the grounds for including specific points in the course of study and excepting others. The 2nd dimension is content or capable affair and this refers to the cognition, accomplishments or temperaments which are inexplicit in the pick of points, and the manner that they are arranged. Aims may be understood as wide general justifications for including peculiar points and peculiar pedagogical procedures in the course of study ; or as clearly defined and closely represented results or behaviours ; or as a set of appropriate processs or experiences. The 3rd dimension is methods or processs and this refers to teaching method and is determined by picks made about the first two dimensions. The 4th dimension is assessment or rating and this refers to the agencies for finding whether the course of study has been successfully implemented. ( Scott 18-20 ) . EFA suggests: Special territory based direction programmes for District and School Management will be initiated with regular monitoring and appraisal for betterment of system and its merchandise quality and get the better of the direction spread. The preparation and occupation description for caput instructors should stipulate their functions and guiding and back up their instructor co-workers in mobilising community engagement In the school and in disposal, direction and care in the school. Teacher supply, preparation and supervising extremely synergistic, learner centered instruction and instructional stuffs shall be produced and utilized to guarantee quality instruction in future. ( 65-66 )METHOD AND PROCEDUREPopulation: all principals and senior instructors of female secondary schools and EEDOs of NWFP. Sample: All EEDOs and EDOs ( female ) , 120 principals ( 5 from each Distt ) and 240 senior instructors ( 10 from each Distt ) will be the sample of the survey. The schools will be indiscriminately selected from each distt. Instrument: Questionnaire will be used as a information roll uping tool from the mark population. This will include three types of questionnaires, i.e. Questionnaire 1 for EEDOs/EDOs, Questionnaire 2 for principals, and Questionnaire 3 for senior instructors. FIELD Testing: To measure the cogency of these questionnaires, these will be administered in 10 schools and among the territory instruction officers. If there is any short approach in the instrument, it will be farther modified and improved. DATA ANALYSIS: Relevant statistical tools will be applied for analysis of informations.RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTESIS:This survey will turn to the following the inquiries ; What are instructional stuffs? What are the classs of instructional media? What are the types and utilizations of instructional stuff to instruction? What are the differences between instructional stuff and jury-rigged stuff? What are the similarities between multimedia and instructional media? What is the importance of instructional stuff in the field of instruction? What is the difference between instructional stuff and instructional tool?

Analysis of the NSPCC Advert

Advertisement is a manipulative use of media in order to bring the audiences attention to a product or service. In the two advertisements we see two different uses of the same media (posters). Types of advertisement come under two main categories: Importance-giving important details such as opening dates and location. Persuasive-plays more on the manipulative side, this is present in the two posters. The ‘NSPCC' advert is appealing to our sympathetic and emotional sides asking for our donations to help the troubled child. We are given the impression that we are helping an individual; this is because of the picture and accompanied story. A vulnerable child bandaged and exposed on what seems to be a bed rather than a crib dominates the page. The message is limited to 1/3 of the page. This message is subtle, keeping our sympathy going rather than anger. ‘NSPCC' is placed in the bottom right hand corner, a name that is well know and respected for its work. The message is in bold lettering against a large white space so it is easily noticed. The message is snappy and carries a rhythmic pattern which is disturbed by the line ‘and the tips of her father's fingers.' Also you can read Analysis July at the Multiplex The baby bandaged and covering its eyes creates an impact on the reader and our attention is diverted b the captivating text, it opens with the word ‘All' which suggests a limited list. In the final item to the list we are shocked at the abolished subtlety. ‘Tip' suggests sharpness increasing the sympathy pain. When we read the donation form we discover yet more about this unfortunate child. In the more in depth story lines such as ‘loss of control' leads us to thoughts of frantic behaviour. Before we get to the amounts for donation we get the line ‘I want to help' this leaves little room for us to deny such an emotional appeal. Rhetorical devices are not present in this appeal because it asks for our co-operation through sympathy instead of the company arguing their point. The overall effect is simple and direct, simplicity is used because they are emphasising how the picture says it all. One sentence in the donation form is opened with ‘You' personalising the advert and making it the reader feel involved and important. The ‘BP' advert uses shock to entice the audience. We cringe with disgust as we see the worms entwined and stacked together taking up 2/3 of the page. The headline is bold but once read it only confuses the reader and increases captivation. Due to our curiosity and hate of confusion we read on in order to understand the link between the poster and its headline. The ‘BP' logo is small; if it wasn't we'd know what the poster was about and would find little need to read on. In this poster there is little need for fancy fonts because curiosity has already occurred. The caption has an informal tone a sign of humanity making it easier to converse with this company. The caption opens with ‘Most people would' a sign of them distinguishing themselves from the average. They make out to be environmental campaigners but our futures can't be the first worry of a petrol company. Both adverts use visually shocking pictures, they erect curiosity. ‘BP' and ‘NSPCC' claim protection over something to our caring and nurturing nature. When we are asked to care it is difficult to refuse without guilt of being heartless. Overall both pictures use the element of shock to attract an audience, 1/3 of the page is a description because the pictures alone aren't too descriptive. ‘NSPCC' uses slightly enlarged and conveniently spaced lettering because the picture requires very little explaining. ‘BP' uses a confusing headline to lure the audience in and keeps the curiosity levels going. A shocking picture is accompanied by 1/3 of writing, the explanation is in a small font and is not particularly short in content, and this is effective in making this a memorable poster. Both posters have a small company logo, but this for different reasons; ‘BP' is to crate confusion and ‘NSPCC' is to give the impression that the poster is a campaign for children rather than popularity. Dramatic vocabulary is used in small amounts throughout the two posters such as; ‘All this baby will ever remember' and in ‘BP' ‘Protecting'. ‘BP' could have used statistics but decided not to, this makes the poster humane and the reader feels empathetic towards the ‘NSPCC' advert. Read also  Case 302 July in Multiplex Presentational devices are arranged around the one objective ‘shock'. These posters captured my attention and curiosity; I was more interested in the ‘BP' because it wasn't too blatant with its point so it required more information beyond its headline. They were both successful in their intentions, but both obviously were directed at two different audiences. Sympathy is a very emotional mindset and as long as our emotions are triggered we become captivated. Emotions are difficult to ignore because they engage rational thinking with knowledge, a combination that would be un-human to ignore hence its use in these adverts.

Giorgio Armania essays

Giorgio Armania essays Giorgio Armani born July 11th ,1934 in Piacenza, Italy. Starting on the shop floor for La Rincascenta department store he soon became assistant designer for Hitman, Nino Cerrutis mens clothing company, then went freelance design for various companies. In 1975 with Sergio Galeotti , he founded Giorgio Armani S.p.A. and he created his own label of mens and womens ready to wear clothing. Armani know shows his collection in Milan. His designs had an unconventional emphasis on unstructured ease and masculine shapes. Armani explains that his way of thinking when designing come from his three golden rules; eliminate the superfluous, emphasize the comfortable and acknowledge the elegance of the uncomplicated. Its a simple way of thinking but this is the reasons his way of styling is different from the rest. Giorgio Armanis other labels are called Giorgio Armani Borgonuovo21(mens and womens ready to wear),Giorgio Armani Le Collezioni (mens and womens wear), Mani mens(North America) and womens wear, Emporio Armani. Giorgio Armanis licensing agreements include: Armani Jeans, Giorgio Armani junior, Giorgio Armani underwear, Giorgio Armani Swimwear, Emporio Armani Swimwear, Giorgio Armani Neve (skiwear) A/X:Armani Exchange. His accessories include Giorgio Armani ties, socks, glasses, scarves, shoes, bags, and small leather goods. His fragrances are Giorgio Armani for men and women, Gio, Acqua Di Gio for men and women. His awards include Neiman Marcus, Cutty Sark Award, GQ Magazine Mens Style Award, Ambrogino Doro, Leon Doro. His current line shows very young urban look. His mens wear is very sleek but yet casual. ...

Qu es el advance parole o permiso de viaje

Qu es el advance parole o permiso de viaje El advance parole es un permiso de viaje es un requerimiento indispensable para que algunos extranjeros que se encuentran en los Estados Unidos puedan viajar fuera del paà ­s y regresar. Este artà ­culo informa sobre quià ©n,  deben solicitarlo, cundo, cà ³mo, costos, consecuencias de viajar sin solicitar este permiso y quà © formas puede tener una vez que es aprobado. Quià ©nes deben solicitar el permiso conocido como advance parole Son varias las categorà ­as de extranjeros que deben solicitar el advance parole para viajar al extranjero y regresar. Pero el punto comà ºn que tienen todos ellos es que son personas que estn en la actualidad en los Estados Unidos y que si viajan al extranjero sin el permiso de viaje  no podrà ­an regresar porque carecen del debido documento migratorio, como serà ­a una visa vlida o la tarjeta de residencia permanente.   A continuacià ³n, las situaciones en las que es necesario solicitar un advance parole o permiso de viaje: 1. Ajuste de estatus   La ms comà ºn es la de las personas que han solicitado un  ajuste de estatus  en el  proceso para adquirir la tarjeta de residencia (green card). Por ejemplo, algunos esposos de ciudadanos americanos y que cumplen con una serie de requisitos. Mientras se demora el proceso de ajuste de estaus, estas personas pueden viajar al extranjero siempre si tienen un advance parole. Sin embargo, no todas las personas en proceso de ajuste deben solicitarlo. Y es que existen las siguientes excepciones: las personas que ingresaron al paà ­s con visas K-3 (esposos de ciudadanos)K-4 (hijos de ciudadanos)H-1B (profesionales)   L-1 (transfer entre empresas) y que cuentan con una visa vlida. Es muy importante el requisito de la validez del visado, ya que si no lo es, se deber pedir el advance parole mientras se est en el proceso del ajuste de estatus. Asimismo, los que solicitan el ajuste porque ya tienen un estatus de refugiado o de asilado aprobado  y està ©n en proceso de ajuste de estatus para obtener la green card deben solicitar el documento para viajar al extranjero y poder regresar (ver ms abajo cul aplica a este caso) y no el advance parole. 2. Solicitante de asilo Las personas que tienen una peticià ³n de asilo pendiente tambià ©n deben solicitar el advance parole antes de viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos. Pero no las que ya lo tienen aprobado, a quienes corresponde un documento para viajar (ver ms abajo). 3. Visa T o visa U aprobada La visa T se concede a personas que han sido và ­ctimas de trata de personas Por su parte, las visas U se otorgan a và ­ctimas de determinados delitos que han colaborado con las autoridades para resolver un crimen o lograr la condena del delincuente.   Sin embargo, cabe destacar que mientras se procesa la visa U o la T y est pendiente su aprobacià ³n, es aconsejable no viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos.   4. Accià ³n diferida aprobada Los muchachos y muchachas entre 15 y 30 aà ±os que hayan solicitado la accià ³n diferida, tambià ©n conocida como DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s,  y que ya la tengan aprobada pueden solicitar un advance parole para viajar al extranjero. 5. TPS Es una situacià ³n excepcional de proteccià ³n temporal que permite a los ciudadanos de determinados paà ­ses y que reà ºnen todos los requisitos seà ±alados por la ley permanecer en Estados Unidos y trabajar legalmente. En la actualidad aplica a ciudadanos de: El Salvador, Guinea, Haità ­, Honduras, Liberia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Sierra Leona, Somalia, Sudn, Sudn del Sur, Siria y Yemen. Quià ©nes no pueden pedir un advance parole Aunque una persona se encuentre dentro de las categorà ­as nombradas, es decir, ajuste de estatus, TPS, asilo pendiente, visa T o Visa U aprobados, no se puede solicitar el advance parole si se est en un proceso pendiente de deportacià ³n o expulsià ³n. Destacar que la excepcià ³n son los muchachos con DACA aprobado. Adems, consultar con un abogado en todos los casos si es que se tienen una cita para comparecer en una corte migratoria o se tienen cualquier asunto criminal pendiente o una condena por un tema de delitos o faltas. Por otro lado, no pueden solicitar este permiso para viajar los migrantes indocumentados excepto, como ya se ha dicho, los muchachos con DACA aprobado, quienes en la actualidad se encuentran en una situacià ³n que podrà ­a calificarse de semi-legalidad.  ¿Cà ³mo se solicita el advance parole? Llenando el formulario I-131. Marcar la casilla correcta, ya que este documento tambià ©n se solicita para los casos en los que se pide un permiso de reentrada o un documento de viaje (ver ms abajo). Por lo tanto hay que checar dos veces para verificar que se marca lo correcto.   Si se est en un proceso de ajuste de estatus lo ms frecuente es que se envà ­e al mismo tiempo junto con el documento en que se solicita el ajuste y un permiso de trabajo.  ¿Cundo debe solicitarse el advance parole? Antes de salir de Estados Unidos. Adems, tener en cuenta que en la mayorà ­a de los casos es necesario que le tomen al solicitante las huellas digitales (dactilares), para lo cual recibir una cita. Si se viaja fuera antes de este trmite se considera que se ha abandonado la peticià ³n de advance parole, que queda sin efecto. Costos El costo de aplicar depende de la situacià ³n de cada uno y la razà ³n por la que aplica y hasta puede ser gratis.   Si se solicita el permiso de viaje junto con el ajuste de estatus y el permiso de trabajo ya no es necesario pagar una cuota adicional.   En los otros casos, la cuota es de $360, pero verificar siempre en el documento del USCIS en el que explica cà ³mo llenar el formulario, ya que esa cantidad puede cambiar.  Tambià ©n se puede verificar el costo llamando gratuitamente al USCIS a su servicio de atencià ³n al cliente marcando al 1-800-575-5283. Adems, en algunos casos es posible solicitar una exencià ³n del pago y asà ­ saldrà ­a gratis.  ¿Cunto se demora el advance parole? Suele tardar unos dos o tres meses en procesarse. Es posible solicitar una tramitacià ³n acelerada marcando al Centro Nacional de Atencià ³n al Cliente al 1-800-375-5283 o incluyendo una carta en la aplicacià ³n en la que se adjunta documentacià ³n que sirve para apoyar la peticià ³n. En casos realmente urgentes es posible que el solicitante se presente en una oficina del USCIS. Se puede buscar la ms cercana en esta aplicacià ³n. Bajar el cursor a mitad de pgina y ahà ­ clicar en el mapa de Estados Unidos encima del estado en el que se reside.   En este caso, se debe llevar la aplicacià ³n del I-131, un cheque para el pago de la tarifa, dos fotos tipo pasaporte y documentacià ³n de apoyo para demostrar la urgencia. Por ejemplo, un certificado de defuncià ³n o un informe mà ©dico.  ¿Cà ³mo luce e documento en el que se aprueba el advance parole? Una vez que el USCIS aprueba este permiso, puede lucir de dos formas: El documento que se conoce como I-512Una tarjeta de permiso de trabajo que sirve a su vez como advance parole y asà ­ lo dice el propio documento en la frase serve as I-512 Advance parole.  ¿El permiso de viaje o advance parole garantiza el ingreso a Estados Unidos? La respuesta a esa pregunta es negativa. Y es que siempre hay que tener presente que la à ºltima palabra la tiene el oficial migratorio de la CBP.   Adems, tener en cuenta que las personas que ingresan, que son la mayorà ­a, son consideradas desde el punto de vista migratorio como parolee y, por el contrario, no es un admitted. Esta es una distincià ³n tà ©cnica y jurà ­dica que conviene tener en cuenta.  ¿Cules son las consecuencias de no solicitar el advance parole? Se puede salir de Estados Unidos, pero el problema aparece en el momento en que se quiere regresar. El oficial migratorio puede impedirlo y en ese caso se tendr que esperar fuera de Estados Unidos a que finalice el proceso. Adems, en algunos casos en los que la persona ha estado en Estados Unidos ilegalmente por ms de 180 dà ­as puede saltar el problema aà ±adido del castigo de los tres y de los cinco aà ±os.   Finalmente, otra consecuencia es que se considere que se ha abandonado el trmite migratorio pendiente, con lo cual habrà ­a que iniciarlo de nuevo. Casos distintos al del advance parole, pero similares y que a veces se confunden Hay otros permisos para regresar a los Estados Unidos que no pueden confundirse con el advance parole. Se piden utilizando el mismo formulario pero se marca una casilla diferente. Las personas que tienen el estatus de refugiado o de asilado deben solicitar un documento que se conoce como documento para viajar para refugiados (refugee travel document, en inglà ©s), para estar capacitados para viajar fuera de los Estados Unidos. Los asilados no deben confundir dos situaciones: cuando la peticià ³n de asilo est pendiente, que es un advance parole lo que deben solicitar, y cuando el asilo ha sido aprobado, que se debe solicitar un refugee travel document.   A veces existen confusiones porque se pide utilizando el mismo formulario, el I-131, pero son distintos los documentos que se obtienen. Fijarse bien en el cuadradito que se marca cuando se pide el beneficio. Tambià ©n deben solicitar este documento para viajar los familiares de los refugiados y de los asilados que obtienen este estatus de forma derivada. Por otro lado, con el mismo formulario I-131 puede solicitarse un permiso de reentrada, que es diferente al permiso de viaje o advance parole. El de reentrada es un permiso por el que deben aplicar los residentes permanentes legales o los residentes condicionales que van a pasar ms de un aà ±o. Y es que los residentes tienen la obligacià ³n de residir en los Estados Unidos y tienen que respetar ciertas reglas de tiempos en sus estadà ­as en otros paà ­ses. Por el contrario,un caso completamente distinto es el de los residentes permanentes que sà ³lo tienen la green card estampada en el pasaporte porque todavà ­a no han recibido la de plstico. Estas personas pueden viajar sin necesidad de pedir permiso previo. Parole que pueden pedir las personas que se encuentran en el extranjero para ingresar a USA Un caso completamente distinto es el del parole que piden extranjeros fuera de Estados Unidos para ingresar al paà ­s. Aquà ­ se hace una mencià ³n porque a veces se confunden con el permiso para viajar. Pero son cosas diferentes que aplican a casos distintos. Los casos de parole que se solicitan desde el extranjero son: Por razones humanitarias extraordinarias como razones mà ©dicas o legales, como por ejemplo, testificar en un juicio.Programa de menores centroamericanosPrograma de reunificacià ³n familiar para cubanos y haitianos Conclusià ³n Los extranjeros presentes en Estados Unidos con un proceso migratorio pendiente deben asegurarse antes de viajar a otro paà ­s si para ellos existe el requerimiento de solicitar un advance parole antes de salir. Y eso aplica asà ­ sea para cruzar a Canad o a Mà ©xico a una localidad justo pegada a la frontera con Estados Unidos y por sà ³lo unas horas. Este artà ­culo es meramente informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

China in the World Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

China in the World Economics - Essay Example So what can be the consequences of such a hard-core optimism Can China really beat the rest of the world economic and political superpowers The vast size is alluring. The power it can assimilate is thus threatening too. From being the largest coal producer in the world, along with things like cement and steel, China is one of the major contributor in cost cutting and low cost manufactured things that find their way almost everywhere in the world, like Wal-Mart. It is also the second largest consumer of energy in the world and thus the third largest importer of oil. One of the second largest holders of foreign-exchange reserves in dollars, China seems like the future of 21st century. WTO report on China demonstrated that it would supposedly produce more than half the world's textiles by the end of the decade.1 The CNN report also says that China: "has a permanent seat on the U.N. Security Council, it is an acknowledged nuclear power and it is one of only three nations capable of independently launching humans into space." China is undoubtedly a US rival and after the consecutive militant and destructive wars it has waged has paved the path for China a little too easily. The inward-looking communist state was opened up to Western economy and capitalist agenda when the 1970 US foreign policy included such an economic rapprochement with Mao Zedong. Thus it helped US in obtaining a pro-alliance support against the Soviet Union, who was their immediate problem then in 1972. Shanghai has now become one of the largest economic hub of China and extreme development is taking place everywhere at a speed rate that is quite not comfortable for other actors in the internatio nal system. The massive reserve for cheap labor is one of the many advantages of countries like China, and especially for China, who can have both labor and high skilled intellectuals at a very large quantity. China's industrialization is thus being driven from home but with the help of international actors like transnational corporations. They are outsourcing to China and exporting from there too, thereby increasing import. Bound up with the growth of mammoth discount retailers in Western markets, that are driving business like crazy particularly in the US, China is getting all the incentives for producing toys, shoes textiles and electric appliances for as less as possible but with durability and other advantages. In 2005 December Airbus made a motion in Beijing. The deal included something similar to what General Motors did in US. Apart from their intention to sell 150 passenger jets to China, which is worth a several euro billions, Airbus is also considering building an assembly line in China, its first ever production base anywhere outside Europe. Similarly General Motors is doing fine in China even after suffering huge loss at other international sites. China's economic growth is good news for U.S. exporters who can flood the market with cheap Chinese export goods and reap huge profits in the US. But this also has a flip side to it that is being faced by US policy makers. Since China is reputedly and uncomfortably almost negligent of WTO guidelines that often cannot be neglected by US businessmen thereby adding cost to their production, the Chinese business and working conditions are sometimes compromised and

Transfer to UIUC from a community college for international business Essay

Transfer to UIUC from a community college for international business major - Essay Example I got to meet students from different backgrounds and gained a lot through my interactions with them. At the summer camp, we all got together to club in our strengths and expertise in various fields to develop a marketing plan for a pizza fundraiser. We worked very hard; from designing flyers and posters to creating the hype to bringing in the crowds. We won. That little exercise taught me the rudiments of marketing and communication. I got more and more fascinated with further developing these skills and employing them in pursuing something I KNOW I was born for! I got my taste of leadership during my time as Secretary of Phi Theta Kappa Honor Society at my community college. Interaction with students from across the globe narrowed my choice further down to International Business, a coming together of cultures and practices for mutual benefit.I would love to share my culture and heritage with others at the same time learning from them. I believe we can take business out of geographical confines, a point that has been proved time and again, hence my application for admission at UIUC. I believe that it’ll help me kick-start my career and equip me with all the necessary tools I need to excel. Now when I look back, I finally understand what years ago my mom told me about business: it is not just about money and trade. It includes the art of communication, diligence, creativity, comprehensive understanding, social networking and generously repaying society.  And what better place to start than

Money reward is superior to any other motivational incentives Assignment

Money reward is superior to any other motivational incentives - Assignment Example However, Thomas (2000) explains that without good working conditions, it is impossible for high salaries to be a good motivator to the employees of an organization. Thomas (2000) therefore explains that, the link between compensation, performance and motivation is very complex, and difficult to understand. Research indicates that if people were left to decide on how much money they should earn, then chances are high that they would not get satisfaction in their jobs. Human resource experts, who advocate for money as a motivator, also accept the notion that money alone cannot act as an effective motivator. Other factors such as a good working environment, cooperation between employees and the management, ability for growth are other motivational factors that are effective in increasing the morale of workers. The basic question to ask in this debate is on whether money plays a role in making our jobs enjoyable or not. Furthermore, the question to ask is whether high salaries play a role in motivating or de-motivating the employees of an organization. Whiteley (2002) explains that in as much as money is not the major motivator, in an organization, lack of good salaries can become a de-motivator. We are living in a capitalistic world, where everything we do, is monetized. It is very difficult to survive without making good money, or earning a good salary. The social status of an individual is also motivated, based on the kind or amount of money that he or she earns. It is based on these factors that employees of a business organization normally want to be paid high salaries, or a decent income for their services to an organization. Whiteley (2002) explains that a good theoretical framework that explains the importance of money is the Hierarchy of Needs theory, formulated by Abraham Maslow. The second level of these needs is security. Maslow explains that employees of an organization always have a

Introduction to Criminal Justice Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Criminal Justice Essay This definition of a crime comes from (Merriam-Webster On-line Dictionary) and reads; â€Å"Crime: an act or the commission of an act that is forbidden or the omission of a duty that is commanded by a public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law; especially: a gross violation of the law†. There are several definitions of crime, but there all consistent for the most part. People who commit crimes are held to answer for the crimes they are accused of. For this, we must have a judicial system in place that is fair and balanced. Although the person accused of committing the crime is sometimes judged before he’s even gone to court, he must be allowed certain rights and due process. Those rights must not be violated prior to a trial. It’s this system that makes American what we are. Sometimes there are cases that make us feel that the person being tried should just be executed or sent to jail, because the media has basically tried and convicted the person prior to trial. This was evident in the â€Å"Casey Anthony† murder trial. Most Americans and the media had convicted her prior to trial. She was found not guilty earlier today by twelve jurors. Is the system fair? Who knows, but this is the reason, lots of people believe there should be professional jurors for high profile cases like this. On the other hand our judicial system has been around for a long time and delivers in most cases a fair system of government that protects the innocent, the victims and the accused. Of course all parties involved don’t feel this way based on where you’re at during the judicial process, but it’s a system that’s fair to all parties. The system is overseen by federal systems that try to keep order and balance throughout the country. Without any of this we would be a country with no law and order. Vigilantes’ would run the streets creating their own laws and chaos would prevail. The three components of the criminal justice system are The Police, The Criminal Courts and The Correctional Institutions. Each one of these components has a very specific function and go hand in hand with one another. For example; if a person is arrested by a police officer for a residential burglary, there is a series of events that happen on the law enforcement side, before the suspect goes to court and before he becomes a part of the correctional institutions. . Once an officer confirms a crime has been committed, he must place the person under arrest and show there was probable cause to arrest the person. This information goes into a â€Å"Probable Cause statement that’s submitted during the booking process. If the suspect is questioned he must be advised of his Miranda rights by the law enforcement officer. Evidence must be collected to prove the crime was committed and the person being charged committed the crime. The suspect is then transported to the county jail for booking. The officer must then document the incident in a police report and be able to articulate the elements of the crime have been fulfilled. The evidence must be booked and the police report must then be submitted to the District Attorney’s office within a 48 hour time frame before the suspect is arraigned in court. If any of this fails’ to happen the courts could release the suspect under Penal Code 825. The case can still be submitted to the District Attorney’s office, but it will be filled out of custody. If this process has been completed correctly the criminal courts takes over their function. Once the suspect goes to court for his first appearance he is advised of his charges and the probable cause is confirmed by the courts. During this phase the report and evidence collected are examined by the defense counsel to see if the suspect has a chance of winning the case. If the defense attorney feels that his client may lose the case based off of the evidence presented he may be allowed to plea bargain in which the suspect could plead to a lesser crime or admit guilt to the crime he is accused of. There are several things that determine if this allowed to happen, to include the suspects past criminal history and the seriousness of the crime. If the courts feel there is enough probable cause and the suspect’s rights have not been violated, the suspect will be held to answer to the charges brought against him. Otherwise the suspect could be let free based on the lack of probable cause, lack of physical evidence or the suspect’s rights being violated during the arrest or questioning process. If the suspect is held to answer he will then go to an arraignment. Once there he will plead either not guilty, guilty, or no contest. If a person pleads â€Å"not guilty† he is set for pre-trial at which time his case is handled by the person’s lawyer. If need be the case goes to trial where he is judged by twelve of his peers or the person pleads to a lesser charge and the case is closed prior to the trial. If a trial takes place and the person is found guilty he will be sentenced by the judge based on the crimes committed. This can be immediately or shortly after the trial. If the suspect is sentenced to prison he then becomes a part of the correctional institution. After sentencing he is usually turned over immediately to the custody of the sheriff’s department while awaiting transportation to prison.

Template for Departments Injury and Illness Prevention Program at the University of California, Berkeley :: essays research papers

Template for Departments' Injury and Illness Prevention Program at the University of California, Berkeley (Note: This template was downloaded from the web site of the Office of Environment, Health & Safety at the University of California, Berkeley, http://ehs.berkeley.edu/. The forms mentioned in this template can also be downloaded from the web site. Click on â€Å"Injury & Illness Prevention Program† under the â€Å"Services, Programs, & Compliance Assistance† heading on the EH&S home page.) Departments at the University of California, Berkeley can use the following template to create a written Injury and Illness Prevention Program (IIPP) that meets the requirements of state law. (Each department at UC Berkeley is required to have its own IIPP.) Putting the written program into action will help to ensure a healthful and safe workplace for department employees. To use the template, replace any italicized text with your department's specific information. Then send a copy to the Office of Environment, Health & Safety (EH&S) at 317 University Hall #1150 for review. (You may also send it as an e-mail attachment to ehs@uclink.berkeley.edu.) EH&S will review the draft against applicable legal requirements. The next step is to put the program into action. An IIPP's benefits will be realized only through effective implementation. University of California, Berkeley (Department Name) Injury and Illness Prevention Program (Date adopted) University of California, Berkeley (Department Name) Injury and Illness Prevention Program TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE II. RESPONSIBILITIES III. IDENTIFYING WORKPLACE HAZARDS IV. COMMUNICATING WORKPLACE HAZARDS V. CORRECTING WORKPLACE HAZARDS VI. INVESTIGATING INJURIES AND ILLNESSES VII. EMPLOYEE HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING VIII. ENSURING COMPLIANCE IX. RECORD KEEPING X. CAMPUS SAFETY RESOURCES APPENDICES University of California, Berkeley (Department Name) Injury and Illness Prevention Program I. INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE It is the policy of the University of California, Berkeley to maintain a safe and healthful work environment for each employee (including student and contract employees), and to comply with all applicable occupational health and safety regulations. The (Department Name) Injury and Illness Prevention Program (IIPP) is intended to establish a framework for identifying and correcting workplace hazards within the department, while addressing legal requirements for a formal, written IIPP. II. RESPONSIBILITIES ( Department Head's title, and name) (Name of department head) has primary authority and responsibility to ensure departmental implementation of the IIPP and to ensure the health and safety of the department's faculty, staff and students. This is accomplished by communicating the Berkeley campus's emphasis on health and safety, analyzing work procedures for hazard identification and correction, ensuring regular workplace inspections, providing health and safety training, and encouraging prompt employee reporting of health and safety concerns without fear of reprisal.

Pertussis

Perquisite has made a reemergence In well-vaccinated populations. Pathogenic adaptation and the decrease In strength are most likely the cause of the reemergence of perquisite. There is pressure for vaccine research because of the resurgence of the pathogen. Perquisite remains one of the leading causes of vaccine preventable deaths in infants under 1 year of age. Perquisite is a Gram-negative, bacillus called Bordello perquisite. This bacterium binds to the ciliated epithelial cells in the misanthropy of the upper respiratory tract. Disease presentation depends on age and history of previous Infection or vaccination.Young Infants present apneas and occasions, with or without disease symptoms. Adults and teens usually show mild symptoms, and have a typical prolonged cough. The human Forestalled are classified as anamorphic, but there is evidence of genetic variation in B. perquisite. As far as vaccines, there are two types of licensed perquisite vaccines. The first generation is whole cell vaccines (Wows), which are killed cells. The second generation Is cellular vaccines (Cave), which contain virulence factors. The Wows contain whole dead cells that can cause more adverse effects compared to Cave, which have been gradually replacing Wows.Some of the virulence factors that the CAB uses are pertains, filamentous humiliating, two familiar corpses, and chemically detoxified perquisite toxin. Wows induce type 1 helper T cells, which assist isotonic T cells. Wows also induce a broad antibody response against a range of surface antigens. Oafs induce type 2 helper T cells, which assist B cells. It causes a high antibody response against the vaccine antigens presented. Both of these vaccines give satisfactory long-term protection against perquisite. WAC Is estimated to protect for 4-12 years and the PVC could last 5-7 years.Programs to vaccinate began in the sass with the WAC. This caused a dramatic drop in mortality and morbidity in children. Perquisite disappeared in the industrialized world in the ass and ass. Infants that are too young to be fully vaccinated are at the highest risk for severe disease. Adolescence and adults are prone to mild Illness from perquisite. There has been a steady Increase, since the ass, In cases of perquisite In countries with successful and long lasting vaccination programs. The two key factors responsible for the resurgence in vaccinated are the appearance of new B. Reroutes strain variants, ND the gradual loss of the protective immunity from vaccines. This is all still under investigation and depends on the subpopulation and countries reporting. Antigenic mutations in 8. perquisite have been noted all around the world. The fact that B. perquisite strains are more Isolated in vaccinated populations than In non-vaccinated populations supports the possibility of mutation of the bacteria. Immune pressure on B. perquisite can eventually cause functional inactivation or complete deletion of genes coding for them. B. pe rquisite strains may be able to evade the effectiveness of vaccines being given.Human perquisite specific immune mechanisms protect against disease rather than infection, and are not long lived. Ant-perquisite antibodies can minimize Infection by preventing attachment to respiratory epithelial cells by neutralizing toxins and by removing bacteria through postulation and compliment- Perquisite infection induces Gig antibodies. There is a wide interest in human and Maurine T-cell responses specific for B. perquisite. Humeral and cell-mediated responses readily react to B. perquisite. So far no single specificity, type or level of effectors mechanism has been declared for protection.Re-evaluation of current Reroutes animal models is necessary in perquisite vaccine research and development. Collecting isolates from the population is also extremely important for the treatment of the new strains of B. perquisite. Studying what is happening with the immune system and how the bacteria have mutated will help prevent many cases of perquisite. I chose this topic because I wanted to learn more about the resurgence of perquisite in vaccinated populations. The article was well written. What I have learned in microbiology definitely helped me understand exactly what the article was saying. Isolating the specific reasons that B. Artists has reemerged is an ongoing study. It is extremely important to collect the specific strains from the population getting sick. These strains will help scientist develop better protection from perquisite. This article focuses on the fact that we need animal models to understand why this disease is reemerging. In order to develop effective vaccines for perquisite these studies are necessary. â€Å"Resurgence of Perquisite Calls for Re-evaluation of Perquisite Animal Models.

Of Mice and men, Analysing weak characters Essay

The novel is called ‘Of mice & men’ because things can go wrong between a small mouse to an important human being. Thing can go wrong despite how hard you try. There are two characters in this novel that I think are portrayed as being weak. One of the characters that I feel comes across as weak in the novel is Crooks. The reason being is because of how he is treated by the other characters in this novel. For example, most of the characters except for Slim refer to Crooks as a ‘Nigger’. Even though ‘Nigger’ is a racist term, it was used normally in those days. But this shows the little respect the rest of the characters had for Crooks; they could have decided to refer to him using his real name, just like Slim. The fact that they continuously call him that shows the weakness in Crook, if he had the amount of free will and power the rest had, he would have spoke up and tell them to stop calling him a ‘Nigger’. Steinbeck may have set it out like this to show that not everyone was racist and disrespectful to whom the majority of the people thought was inferior. Slim could have been a character just like Steinbeck, he’s showing that he is not racist and is empathetic to Crook’s feelings, and is aware that despite his skin colour, he is just as superior. However, noticing this, Slim could be portrayed as weak because he didn’t speak up to defend Crooks when it came to the name calling, if he did, he probably would have been casted as a ‘Sell out’ by the other characters. There is another incident in the novel that shows how inferior and weak Crooks is portrayed. After Curley’s wife enters the room to talk to him, Lennie and Candy, Crook’s ends up getting frustrated with Curley’s wife and starts telling her off. However, by now the readers would have thought that Crook’s is finally standing up for himself and defending himself, but this all changes in the space of a few minutes. For example, Curley’s wife retaliates and say’s ‘Listen, Nigger, you know what I can do to you if you open your trap?’ ‘Well, keep your place Nigger. I could get you strung up on a tree so easily it ain’t even funny’. ‘Strung up on a tree’ meant to be lynched; this shows that she had the power to get Crooks lynched, even for the pettiest things. So even though Crooks was speaking the truth, him speaking up could get him into trouble, he can’t win, him staying quiet and saying the things the other characters wants to hear makes him look weak, but even when he does speak up against problems, he is still portrayed as weak. After Curley’s wife mentions this, the narration says ‘Crooks seemed to grow smaller’ the use of the letters ‘Er’ shows that he was already ‘small’ but by Curley’s wife mentioning Lynching, it made him ‘smaller’, weaker than he already is. One more factor that shows Crooks is weak, is by the structure of the chapter, the chapter starts and ends the same. On page 99, it say’s ‘Crooks sat on his bunk [†¦] he held a bottle of liniment and with the other hand, rubbed his spine’. The chapter also ends the same way. This shows that the way Crooks is living is never ending, it’s a cyclical feature, and there is no hope for him. Also, because Steinbeck kept on referring to his spine, shows that even though Crooks does have hopes and dreams, him being black and being injured is what’s stopping him from living the ‘American dream’. The injury to Crooks back occurred after being kicked in the spine by a horse. The reason for this is because of where Crooks Is forced to sleep. Crooks sleeps in a barn. This is usually a place where horses rest. On page 98, it lets the readers know the Crooks bun was made form a long box filled with straw. ‘Crooks’ bunk was a long box filled with straw’. This portrays him to be some sort of animal. He is portrayed as a horse. Again even though horses are strong physically, they are weak in the sense that they have no power, they are usually tied up. This is a good example of Crooks. Again, he may be the most intelligent out of the characters and in some ways, mentally strong. But he is still weak in other ways. Another character that Steinbeck portrays as being weak is Curley’s wife. The apostrophe in ‘Curley’s’ is possessive, this shows that Curley’s wife belongs to Curley and that he is her owner. She is referred to as ‘Curley’s wife’ throughout the novel and is not named. It also shows how unimportant she is and how little the characters think of her. Another way she is portrayed as weak is by her attitude towards the men in the novel. Curley doesn’t pay her much attention, so she feels insecure and lonely. This makes her want the attention of the other men and makes her feel superior and important, even though she isn’t. The characters talk about her in a negative way behind her back. For example, after Curley’s wife is introduced George say’s ‘Jesus, what a tramp’. The use of the word ‘Jesus’ makes Georges reaction the Curley’s wife seem dramatic, this shows that Curleyâ⠂¬â„¢s wife is a huge problem if she causes such dramatic responses. Also he refers to her as a tramp. ‘Tramp’ can mean many things, but one definition of a tramp for a female is a prostitute or a person regarded as promiscuous. This is Georges first impressions Of Curley’s Wife, and this is how she comes across whilst trying to flirt. This shows how weak she is to George especially. She may be trying to flirt and act sexy in order for the men to lust after her but her trying has no effect on George, he thinks of her as the opposite. George also calls her a ‘bitch’ and a ‘Rat trap’ whilst talking to Lennie. A ‘bitch’ is the name given for a female dog, this links to the apostrophe in ‘Curley’s wife’ Dogs are popular pets and have owners. She is like Curley’s pet. Curley’s wife thinks of Crooks, Lennie and Candy as the ‘Weak ones’ by her saying this, it makes her look weak as well, she feels she has to refer to them as something deemed inferior in order to make her feel superior. However, even though she refers to them as this, she still hangs around them, this show’s that she hasn’t got much choice and that that is the only form of company she has and appreciates, despite coming across as nasty. This shows her weak side. In section 5, Curley’s wife goes in the barn to comfort Lennie and flirt with him, this could have led into something more. If she didn’t end up dying she probably would have ended up sleeping with Lennie. This again, shows her weakness; she is not strong enough to just leave Curley if she is not happy, she married Curley for the wrong reasons, leading to her being unhappy. Instead she goes behind his back looking for ‘Love’, ‘comfort’ and a sense of ‘importance’. This leads to her being accidently killed by Lennie. Before this happens whilst she confides in Lennie she admits, ‘He says he was gonna put me in the movies’ referring to one of the actors she met. This didn’t end up happening so she ended up marrying Curley. She then goes on and says ‘So I married Curley. [†¦] I don’t like Curley, he ain’t a nice fella’. This shows that she had no choice but to marry him and that she is finding it hard to escape from him. The death of Curley’s wife is like Karma. She threatened to get Crooks lynched if he carried on disrespecting her but then ended up dying as a result of her neck of being broken, this is what lynching is. Also, she married Curley for the wrong reasons and used him and she was also the women who stopped the characters from living their dreams, this may have been out of spite from her not getting to live hers. However, again, she ended up dying, and the characters still didn’t get to live their dream. This is how Karma works, ‘what goes around comes around’. This could be linked to the ‘Cyclical feature’ in the novel, the problems are never ending and there is just no hope. To conclude, both Crooks and Curley’s wife are very much alike and they’re just as weak as each other. Both characters are referred to as harsh names other than their real names. They both had dreams of being successful but it never happened. Crooks is a black man, and Curley’s wife is a white women. So even though Crooks had dreams and was capable of getting far the only problem that would have been stopping him is the fact that he is black and racism was in full effect in those days. Also, he was the smartest among the other characters, this links back to the title ‘Of mice and men’ that things can go wrong despite how hard you try. So despite his intelligence and how hard he learns, he still can’t get to where he wants to go in life. Nevertheless, even though Curley’s wife is white, she is a woman. Women didn’t have that much say or rights when men were involved. So her dreams and goals were not reached. For example she say’s ‘I never got that letter, I always thought my ol’ lady stole it’ She is adamant that her mum stole the letter an actor ‘wrote’ to her, so that’s why she never became an actress. Except, going back to how powerful men were in those days, White American men especially, he may have not even written a letter, probably forgetting about her and just complimenting her because it was the heat of the moment type. This shows that Curley’s wife is not mentally strong enough to come to terms and face reality of what actually might have happened, again that’s her way of feeling important, because deep down she is a weak individual.